Monitoring Quality of Packaged Pacific Ocean Perch (Sebastes alutus) in Storage

Pacific ocean perch stored under vacuum, 100% CO₂ or air at -3°C and 3°C was subjected to sensory, trimethylamine (TMA), color, microbial and volatile analyses. Unpleasant sensory attributes, TMA and microbial content were negatively correlated to overall quality, and Hunter 'L' value increased with storage time. Principal factor analysis of sensory data resulted in three factors that accounted for 71% of the variance, with factor 1 (53%) mainly related to poor quality attributes. Volatiles analyzed by the dynamic headspace technique included alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes, aromatics and alcohols. Canonical variate analysis on volatile compounds separated excellent and poor quality fish samples, while good and medium samples were grouped together.     

一种小水电电能质量灰色模糊综合评价模型

针对小水电易出现电压过高和欠发无功的特点,结合国家电能质量标准及国网对小水电电能质量的要求,提出了一种主客观组合赋权的电能质量模糊综合评估模型。综合考虑小水电电能质量各项指标,运用熵值法和层次分析法组合赋权确定电能质量评价指标的综合权重。基于灰色关联系数构造模糊评价关系矩阵,并结合求得的综合权重向量实现电能质量的模糊综合评价。这种方法既能够对数据样本的电能质量进行整体评价,又可以对同一等级的电能质量进行精细的评价,还能够反映电能质量各分项指标的优劣情况,对小水电站的调整与改进提供参考。通过实际算例验证了该模型的有效性和可行性。     

水均衡法评价玛纳斯河流域莫索湾灌区地下水资源

莫索湾灌区位于玛纳斯河下游,地下水补给以侧向径流补给和灌溉水入渗补给为主,因此,地下水位多年动态变化特征基本上反映了地下水开采量的变化特征。基于水均衡分析法,分析了研究区地下水资源利用情况,对灌区1998-2007年地下水系列各项补给量和排泄量进行平衡计算,指出灌区地下水位明显受灌溉用水量和人工开采量的双重控制,尤其是人工开采量对地下水位变化影响最大。基于此,地下水开采应该以保证生态环境为前提,合理地开发利用地下水资源,实现地下水资源的可持续利用。     

生态防渗技术在灌区改造工程建设中的可持续性对比研究

生态防渗技术在灌区改造建设中的推广应用备受关注。以渠底土工膜防渗+干垒块挡墙和渠底土工膜防渗+混凝土结合联锁块护坡2种生态防渗模式作为研究对象,以混凝土防渗和土渠作为对照。从防渗效果、生境变化、施工工艺、投资及管理机制5个方面对这4种渠道进行对比研究,建立起渠道的综合评价指标体系,通过评价,得出渠底土工膜防渗+干垒块挡墙和渠底土工膜防渗+混凝土结合联锁块护坡两种生态渠道的综合评价指标数值最高分别为72.55和72.30,其次是混凝土渠道为68.20,最低的为土渠是61.10。     

福建省东山湾生态环境中滴滴涕(DDTs)的分布特征及风险评价

 根据2011年春季(5月)和夏季(8月)对东山湾生态环境的调查资料, 初步探讨了东山湾海水、沉积物和养殖贝类体中滴滴涕(DDTs)残留水平、分布趋势和组成特征, 并对东山湾生态环境中DDTs污染状况及其生态风险进行了评价。结果表明: (1)春季(5月)和夏季(8月)东山湾表层海水中DDTs质量浓度范围分别为ND~25.7 ng/L和ND~36.7 ng/L, 平均值分别为(6.08±3.02) ng/L和(16.30±4.78) ng/L; 底层海水中DDTs质量浓度范围分别为ND~30.6 ng/L和ND~36.7ng/L, 平均值分别为(7.75±2.07) ng/L和(13.30±5.12) ng/L, 总体上, 东山湾海水中DDTs浓度分布呈夏季高于春季、近岸高于远岸、由湾内向湾外下降的格局。与国内其他海湾相比, 东山湾海水中DDTs污染处于低水平状态, 但邻近漳江入海口海域的DS03站和DS11站可能有新的污染源输入。(2)东山湾表层沉积物中DDTs含量范围5.56~12.80 μg/kg, 平均值为(9.00±5.34) μg/kg, 总体上呈现由湾内向湾外下降之势, 东山湾表层沉积物中DDTs残留可能对生物产生负效应, 毒性风险为25%~75%。(3)东山湾海域养殖贝类DDTs的残留量在种类间存在一定的差异, 其DDTs含量范围在1.68~26.60 μg/kg, 平均值为15.70 μg/kg, 污染指数范围在0.007~2.660, 均值为1.580, 超标率达到71.4%, 超标倍数最高达1.66倍, 说明东山湾部分贝类受到DDTs的污染。

     

Effect of Diets Supplemented with Soybean,Flaxseed, or Menhaden Fish Oil on the Growth,Feed Utilization,Immune Status,and Sensory Properties of Channel Catfish in a Recirculating System at 22°C

Channel catfish feed intake and growth decline with temperature, but different dietary lipids might sustain performance during cool weather. Catfish at a suboptimal temperature (22°C) were fed 32% protein commercial floating pellets supplemented with 2% soybean oil (SBO), menhaden oil (MFO), or flaxseed oil (FLX). After 12 weeks, fish were counted and weighed, then health assays and proximate and fatty acid analysis of fillets were conducted. Weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and survival were similar among treatments, indicating limited potential of different lipids to improve growth at low temperatures. However, the favorable feed conversion ratios (FCRs; ≤1.6) indicated that feeding at 22°C was worthwhile to maintain good condition of catfish. Across diets, the unsaturated fatty acids in muscle lipids increased. The FLX and MFO both increased the n-3 HUFA in the fillet, but FLX was less effective. Unfortunately, both FLX and MFO reduced sensory properties of the fillet relative to the SBO control.     

Quality Indices of Squid (Photololigo duvaucelii) and Cuttlefish (Sepia aculeata) Stored in Ice

The objective quality indices of squid (Photololigo duvaucelii) and cuttlefish (Sepia aculeata) stored in ice were compared with the subjective counterparts. Sensory (overall quality rating, quality index method [QIM], and multisample difference test), microbiological (total viable count [TVC], psychrophilic count), chemical (trichloroacetic acid-soluble peptide [TCA-soluble peptide], trimethylamine nitrogen [TMA-N], total volatile bases nitrogen [TVB-N], ammonia content, and protein pattern), and physical analyses (expressible drip, color, and texture) were determined in both species during 16 days of iced storage. As storage time increased, TCA-soluble peptide, TVB, ammonia content, and expressible drip were increased (p < 0.05). TMA content was markedly increased after 10 and 8 days of storage in squid and cuttlefish, respectively. Both TVC and psychrophilic count increased as the storage time increased (p < 0.01). Myosin heavy chain was degraded with coincidental decrease in shear force and sensory texture during storage (p < 0.05). According to the overall rating score, shelf life of both species in ice was estimated to be 6 days. The increases in ammonia content and expressible drip were highly correlated with the decrease in overall quality rating and increase in quality index score of squid and cuttlefish (p < 0.01).     

杭州市农业机械化发展水平总体评价的研究

根据2000-2010年杭州市农业机械化统计数据,利用国内现有的农业机械化发展水平评价方法,测算了杭州市在此期间各年度的农业机械化发展水平。计算结果表明,目前杭州市处于农业机械化发展中级阶段,且“十一五”农机化发展速度较“十五”有了较大提高。在此基础上。提出了加快杭州市农业机械化发展的相关措施与建议。     

汽车回收行业中再利用零配件智能电子商务系统

介绍了汽车回收再利用零配件现状,首次提出了再利用零配件智能电子商务(EC)系统整体设计方案。着重研究了系统四个关键技术,制定了再利用零配件20位条码编码规范,实现与系统的无缝自动连接;在电子商务交易中利用C#的管道技术对再利用汽车回用件流向采用流水线作业算法,自动转化流程;采用多值影响评估算法对再利用零配件估价;设计了再利用汽车零部件的监控体系。系统能有效地提高工作效率,规范汽车再利用配件交易,具有广阔的应用前景。     

耕地入选基本农田整备区评价与决策

耕地入选基本农田整备区包括耕地质量排序和耕地入选两个过程,根据这两个决策过程的特点,构建了耕地入选基本农田整备区的指标体系。应用GIS技术提取相应的指标评价值,并选用耕地模糊优选模型、理想点法这两种模型对耕地质量进行评价、排序,最后通过一般农地入选整备区的0-1整数规整模型,实现了耕地入选基本农田整备区的决策。